2010年1月29日
第二十七週了....
2010年1月26日
小咚咚的嬰兒床
這套嬰兒床是咚咚的阿嬤跟姑姑看到的,帶了我跟咚咚把拔去看,白色木質是個清爽的色系,配上藍色的床組感覺很可愛又柔軟,正好在作特價,就變成小咚咚的第一張床啦。
2010年1月24日
媽媽教室筆記 (2010/01/23)
2010年1月21日
My sweet burden
Swine flu vaccine and pregnancy
Why are health agencies urging pregnant women to get the swine flu shot?
During pregnancy your immune system is less strong and you're more vulnerable to illnesses of all kinds. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that pregnant women get the 2009 H1N1 influenza (swine flu) vaccine and the regular seasonal flu shot, because pregnant women who get any type of flu are at risk for serious complications and hospitalization.
Daily preventive measures such as washing your hands and staying away from people who are sick are highly recommended too, as a way to avoid illnesses in general. But, says the CDC, vaccination is the single best way to protect yourself against the flu.
The agency points out that pregnant women who are otherwise healthy have been severely affected by the 2009 swine flu virus Compared to the general population, more pregnant women infected with the virus have been hospitalized, and some have died. Only about 1 percent of the general population is pregnant, but 6 percent of confirmed fatal swine flu cases so far have been in pregnant women.
Is the swine flu vaccine safe for pregnant women?
According to the CDC and other government health agencies, yes.
In an August 2009 webcast hosted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, an ob-gyn, a certified nurse-midwife, and other experts from the CDC and the National Institutes of Health explained why vaccination against swine flu is so important for moms-to-be and urged pregnant women to get the vaccine at the earliest opportunity.
According to those experts, the new H1N1 (swine flu) vaccine is very similar to the seasonal flu vaccine. It's made in the same way by the same company, employing the same process and the same facilities used to make the seasonal flu vaccine, which has been used safely for decades. It's simply a different strain of the influenza virus that's being targeted.
The seasonal flu shot, experts say, has proved safe and effective for pregnant women and their developing babies at all stages of pregnancy (including the first trimester). Flu is a serious illness that puts you flat on your back for days or weeks just when you're trying to stay healthy and nurture your baby in utero. It can even be a killer. And the risk of harm from a vaccine like the flu vaccine, which is based on a killed virus, is minuscule.
The shot for the new flu is expected to have a similar safety record. A number of clinical trials testing the vaccine are being conducted this fall by the National Institutes of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Is there any danger of me or my baby catching the flu from the swine flu vaccine?
No, not a chance. Flu shots – whether for seasonal flu or swine flu – do not contain the live virus, which is the only thing that can infect you and give you a case of the flu.
Flu shots work by injecting an inactivated vaccine that contains fragments of killed influenza virus. Because the influenza virus is dead, it can't infect you. But it does cause your body to produce antibodies that protect you from the live version if you're exposed to it.
For these reasons, flu shots are approved for pregnant women in every trimester.
There's also a potential benefit to your baby: If the swine flu shot works the way the seasonal flu shot does (as it's expected to, but we don't know yet for sure), antibodies that you develop may be passed to your baby and provide protection from the novel H1N1 (swine flu) for several months after birth. That protection can be vital because babies younger than 6 months are especially vulnerable to illness but can't be vaccinated for the flu.
Is it safe for pregnant moms to get the nasal spray version of the swine flu vaccine?
No. Like the regular flu nasal-spray flu vaccine, the swine flu nasal spray vaccine will not be recommended for moms-to-be. Nasal-spray vaccines can't cause the flu, but they contain a live, weakened flu virus and are only approved for healthy people ages 2 to 49 who are not pregnant.
It's fine for family members of pregnant women to get the nasal spray vaccine, though. There's no danger of catching the flu from them.
Is it safe to get the swine flu shot during the first trimester of pregnancy?
According to the experts, yes.
In the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services webcast about swine flu, ob-gyn Laura Riley, medical director of Labor & Delivery, Massachusetts General Hospital, said, "There’s NO benefit to waiting until you’re out of the first trimester. Get the vaccine when it becomes available, whether you’re in the first, second, or third trimester."
Does the new H1N1 (swine flu) vaccine contain thimerosal?
Some does and some doesn't.
Thimerosal contains tiny amounts of mercury and is used as a preservative in some vaccines. (Vaccines for children, other than certain flu shots, don't contain thimerosal. Manufacturers stopped using it in children's vaccines in 1999.)
The CDC considers thimerosal safe for pregnant women and the babies they carry, but because of public concern about the preservative, thimerosal-free swine flu and seasonal flu vaccines are being produced in single-dose syringes for pregnant women and small children. If you'd like to get a preservative-free dose, talk to your healthcare provider or other local providers of flu vaccines.
The swine flu shot vaccine packaged in multi-dose vials will contain thimerosal.
Will the regular flu shot also protect against swine flu?
No, the regular seasonal flu shot won't prevent H1N1 (swine) flu and the swine flu shot won't prevent seasonal flu. The seasonal flu shot is aimed at certain strains of influenza virus expected to be common during the 2009-2010 flu season (but not the swine flu virus); the swine flu shot is aimed at the "novel H1N1" or swine flu virus.
Is it safe to get the regular flu shot and the swine flu shot at the same time?
It's fine to get both vaccines at once – preferably in different parts of the body (for example, one in the left arm and one in the right arm). But it's best to get each shot as soon as it becomes available, so don't delay getting one shot in order to combine them in one visit. You may miss your chance to get either.
How many swine flu shots are recommended?
Only one. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of one dose of 2009 H1N1 flu vaccine for people 10 years of age and older.
Can I be tested for immunity to swine flu before being vaccinated?
There's no easy test for determining whether someone has had H1N1 (swine) flu already. Many different infections, including influenza, can cause flu-like symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and fever. And unfortunately, infection with one strain of flu virus won't protect against other strains.
A few people have had a laboratory test this year showing that they were infected with the 2009 H1N1 influenza (swine flu) virus. If you're one of those few people, you don't need to be vaccinated against it. The CDC recommends that people who were actually tested for the virus check with their healthcare provider to make sure the test was either an RT-PCR or a viral culture showing 2009 H1N1 influenza.
On the other hand, if you have encountered the virus and been infected previously without knowing it, there's no harm in being vaccinated.
What are the possible side effects of the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine?
The side effects are expected to be similar to those from seasonal flu vaccines. The most common side effects are mild, and include soreness, redness, and tenderness or swelling where the shot was given. Some people experience headache, muscle aches, fever, nausea, and fainting. If there are side effects, they usually begin soon after you get the shot and may last as long as a day or two.
As with any vaccine, severe allergic reactions are very rare, but possible. Anyone who has a life-threatening allergy to eggs or to any other substance in the vaccine should not be vaccinated. (Chicken eggs are used as a culture for growing the flu virus that's used in flu vaccines.) Before getting the shot, be sure to let your healthcare provider know if you have any severe allergies, if you've ever had a severe allergic reaction to a flu shot, or if you've ever had Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).
2010年1月19日
Feeling your baby kick
When should I start to feel my baby move?
You probably won't feel your baby kick until sometime between 16 and 22 weeks, even though he started moving at 7 or 8 weeks and you may have already witnessed his acrobatics if you've had an ultrasound.
Veteran moms tend to notice those first subtle kicks — also known as "quickening" — earlier than first-time moms. (A woman who's been pregnant before can more easily distinguish her baby's kick from other belly rumblings, such as gas.)
Your build may also have something to do with when you'll be able to tell a left jab from a hunger pang. Thinner women tend to feel movement earlier and more often than women who carry more weight.
What does it feel like?
Women have described the sensation as being like popcorn popping, a goldfish swimming around, or butterflies fluttering. You'll probably chalk up those first gentle taps or swishes in your belly to gas or hunger pains, but once you start feeling them more regularly, you'll recognize the difference. You're more likely to feel these early movements when you're sitting or lying quietly.
How often should I feel movements?
At first the kicks you notice will be few and far between. In fact, you may feel several movements one day and then none the next. Although your baby is moving and kicking regularly, many of his jerks and jolts aren't yet strong enough for you to feel. But later in the second trimester, those reassuring kicks will become stronger and more regular.
If you're tempted to compare notes with other pregnant women, don't worry if your experience differs from that of your friends. Every baby has his own pattern of activity, and there's no correct one. As long as your baby's usual activity level doesn't change too much, chances are he's doing just fine.
Do I need to keep track of the kicking?
Once you're feeling kicks regularly, pay attention to them and let your practitioner know right away if you notice a decrease in your baby's movement. Less movement may signal a problem, and you'll need a nonstress test or biophysical profile to check on your baby's condition.
Once you're in your third trimester, some practitioners will recommend that you spend some time each day counting your baby's kicks. There are lots of different ways to do these "kick counts," so ask for specific instructions.
Here's one common approach: Choose a time of day when your baby tends to be active. (Ideally, you'll want to do the counts at roughly the same time each day.) Sit quietly or lie on your side so you won't get distracted. Time how long it takes for you to feel ten distinct movements — kicks, twitches, and whole body movements all count. If you don't feel ten movements in two hours, stop counting and call your midwife or doctor.
2010年1月18日
洪蘭:讓孩子主動,閱讀才會成功
作者:施君蘭整理 出處:天下雜誌第304期
閱讀是脫離貧窮、開啟世界之窗的改變力量...
閱讀障礙在現今無論哪個社會,大約都是六.五~六.七%左右,
歷史上有閱讀障礙的人非常多。比方說愛因斯坦、愛迪生。
教育的觀念在改。大腦是有限的資源,它如果這方面好,
另一位是李光耀。他退休時承認自己是語言障礙者,
腦神經和閱讀有何關係?
中國字有非常多的音義。比方說「天、天花、天花板」,
腦神經和閱讀有何關係?過去對於中風,左腦受傷右邊癱掉的病人,
去年十二月,一位音樂家在中正紀念堂開音樂會,
外在的需求隨時改變內在的組織,這給我們教育者很大的啟發。
為何主動學習才有用,被動學習沒有用?德國的實驗發現,
習慣養成了很難改。因為一個神經連成了,要五年才會鬆掉。
說話是個本能,閱讀是個習慣,後天的習慣就要培養,
還有像開車。你會發現,到人家工廠參觀,坐三次車都不認得路,
經驗有個缺點,要靠時間換取。但我們不能經驗到世上所有的東西,
我讀穆桂英的故事給小孩聽,講到最精彩時說,不能再讀了,
卡森(Ben Carson)是底特律做腦部皮質切除手術最多的醫生。
城鄉差距再大,如果你可以打開書,就會打開一個世界。
2010年1月14日
三大考量 打造超完美嬰兒房
寶寶雖小,也是個獨立的個體,出生後,當然需要有自己的小空間。
為什麼要讓寶貝睡嬰兒房?
寶寶出生後剛帶回家時,由於還小,
除了安全考量之外,從小給寶寶一個專屬的空間,
※考量一:舒適性
出生一歲以內的嬰兒有許多生理狀況都和大人不一樣,因此,
1. 溫度適中:
小嬰兒的體溫調節能力還不好,很容易隨著外界溫度高低變化,
2. 燈光柔和:
嬰兒房內的燈光要充足柔和,不可太過刺眼。
3. 色調協調:
剛出生的寶寶視力還沒發展完全,尤其是四個月以內的寶寶,
為了讓房間的色調協調、統一、具有美感,選擇主色調之後,
4. 牆壁材質:
由於許多寶寶喜歡在牆上塗鴉,因此,
5. 加裝窗簾:
嬰兒房內可以加裝窗簾,避免陽光直射房內,刺激寶寶的眼睛。
6. 木質地板佳:
石材地板太冷硬,而地毯容易暗藏塵蹣,引起小孩的過敏問題,
事實上,不只安全地墊,假如家裡或嬰兒房特地請人來重新裝潢,
7. 寢具要透氣
嬰兒床墊不要選擇太厚的海綿墊,
床單最好選擇棉質、吸汗且不起毛球的布料,可以準備1~
尿墊具有防水功效,若是鋪在床單下,可以防止尿尿滲入床墊中;
枕頭方面,透氣的材質較優,如果有防蹣功能更好,
如果擔心寶寶被蚊蟲咬傷,也可以使用蚊帳,
※考量二:安全性
小寶貝正處於精力旺盛的學習階段,
1. 嬰兒床
財團法人台灣玩具暨兒童用品研發中心執行長黃獻平表示,
此外,嬰兒床兩邊的床緣,通常會有高、低的調整位置。
為了刺激寶寶的聽覺和視覺,當寶寶還沒辦法抓東西時,
此外,嬰兒床內最好不要放置玩具,
2. 床墊
嬰兒床墊應該有較硬的結構設計。太早讓寶寶使用過軟的彈簧床墊,
3. 床單
嬰兒床的床單要拉緊一點,不要舖得太鬆,讓床單有張力,
4. 棉被
為了考慮寶寶安全,睡覺時,可以考慮讓寶寶穿睡袍而不蓋棉被,
5. 防撞條
假如是新買的家具,當然要選擇邊緣採圓弧狀設計的買,
6. 桌角護套
不只是嬰兒房內,基本上,只要是家中任何家具、桌椅、電器、
7. 風扇網
可在風扇外頭包覆細網,防止寶寶因為好奇心,
8. 安全鎖
為了防止寶寶到了六個月起叫到處爬爬走翻東西,在各種櫃子、
9. 插座
插座是小嬰兒最喜歡玩的地方。假如只是用手指頭摸一摸就算了,
10. 電線
嬰兒房內的電線最好放整齊,不要在地板散落一地,
11. 抽屜
購買衣櫃或五斗櫃時,最好選擇具有防抽屜滑落設計的家具,
12. 櫃子
櫃子裡頭放東西的時候,記得要輕的東西放上面,重的東西擺下面,
13. 監視器
目前市面上有各種聲音或影像監視器,
※考量三:方便性
寶寶的東西又多又雜,成長過程中的需求也不斷改變,因此,
1. 不用急著把所有的東西買齊
小Baby最需要的其實是大空間,可以讓他到處爬到處玩,因此,
2. 嬰兒房最好緊鄰父母房
如此一來,Baby有什麼狀況才能立刻察覺,
3. 提早索取嬰兒床
由於嬰兒床堅固耐用,但等寶寶過了一定年紀之後,
4. 紙箱也是不錯的收納工具
由於小寶寶的物品又多又小又雜,因此收納時,
除了市面上販售的收納櫃之外,林素芬老師建議,
5. 分類收納
許多女生當了媽咪之後,就從敗金女演變成為敗金媽,只要上街,
6. 玩具一次不要拿太多出來
玩具也是小寶貝的另一大宗家當,
這麼做有個好處,寶寶一次玩不到所有玩具,
7. 櫃子要考量到媽咪的身高
嬰兒房雖然是寶寶的專屬房間,
此外,由於經常需要幫小寶寶換尿布,如果房間內沒有適當的地方,
小咚咚的新咘咘
最近開始選購小咚咚的用品囉,雖然大家都說不用這麼早開始採購,但是咚咚把拔是個凡事不能拖到最後一刻才動手做的人,他說早買晚買都是得買,不如早點開始備貨... 所以最近只好開始做些嬰幼兒用品的功課啦。
2010年1月13日
小咚咚
2010年1月11日
24 weeks 囉~
準媽媽 別默默忍受下背痛
據統計,半數以上孕婦會遭遇程度不同的下背痛,但常被告知是懷孕正常現象,只能默默承受。其實,在日常生活中保持正確姿勢,學習產前產後運動,下背痛是可以預防或減輕的。
懷孕為什麼會下背痛?當胎兒生長時,孕婦腹部需伸展容納變大的子宮,因腹部肌肉在孕期超過正規伸展狀態,於是下背部就必須負擔更多重量及壓力,以維持身體姿勢。另外,激素relaxin在孕婦體內濃度是未懷孕的10倍,Relaxin可放鬆骨盆關節,產生讓嬰兒經過產道的空間,但也可能造成其他關節鬆動,引起發炎和疼痛。
●孕婦下背痛可分為背部疼痛(back Pain)、薦髂關節疼痛(Sacroiliac Pain)及夜間型疼痛(Nocturnal Pain):
背部疼痛分成上背組及下背組,前者疼痛部位從頸椎兩側一直延伸到肩胛骨,通常與懷孕無直接關連;後者分布於腰椎,有時可伸展至一側或雙側下肢,是孕婦常見的背痛。
薦髂關節疼痛受relaxin影響,對一般人來說,薦髂關節不易移動並且透過韌帶緊緊連結,但relaxin讓這些關節變得靈活且不穩定,長時間站立或走動都容易造成疼痛,長時間搭乘汽車,因連續低頻振動,也會不適。
夜間型疼痛通常在孕婦入睡後1至2小時發生,沒有固定的部位,可能因此痛醒。目前認為與懷孕期間靜脈回流較差有關,當孕婦睡覺平躺時,支配脊椎神經叢的靜脈回流受到影響,或壓迫下腔靜脈造成阻塞,引起發炎反應。
懷孕前就有背痛病史者,再發生背痛機率較大,背痛時間和疼痛程度都會加強;工作內容較費力或需要長時間姿勢固定者,如需經常搬抬重物、前屈彎腰或扭腰動作,都容易使孕婦腰背受傷,工作時數長且姿勢固定,無法休息,也容易導致孕婦下背痛。
懷孕會加重薦髂關節鬆弛,薦髂關節病變也會使孕婦背痛更加嚴重,在嚴重下背痛孕婦中,薦髂關節病變者約占三分之二,其症狀也比較久。
●孕婦背痛的治療:
1.預防:孕婦須認識懷孕對身體造成的影響,及日常生活型態、工作職場環境對腰椎可能造成的負擔,學習正確姿勢,孕期體重不要增加太多,坐姿、站姿正確,不彎腰駝背;避免久坐、久站;避免彎腰、扭腰、搬重物;以彎膝來取代彎腰;多用手力、腿力,少用腰力。
2.運動:運動可增加背部肌肉力量。例如可坐在軟墊上,手及膝蓋著地(像跪著擦地板),然後將右手抬離地面,向天花板伸展,同時將左腳盡量抬高,以不超過臀部高度為原則,持續5至10秒,然後再換成左手和右腳,連續作10至15次;站著做腰部旋轉、手往上仰的動作,具伸展作用,可減緩背痛。
3.非藥物治療及輔具:熱敷、冰敷對於疼痛治療有幫助。熱敷時間為30分鐘,慢性疼痛可以使用熱敷減緩症狀;冰敷則需要10分鐘,對急性疼痛較為有效。也可局部按摩,讓血液流通、循環變好。
特別為孕婦所設計的束腹,可防止骨盆過度前傾導致腰椎前凸;坐姿靠背用的墊子,躺姿墊腳用的楔形墊,都有防止背痛效果。
4.藥物:孕婦不能隨便吃藥,除非背痛非常嚴重,否則應避免。除了口服藥外,用擦或貼的外用消炎藥也是一種選擇,貼布在8至10小時後要撕掉,並且注意有無過敏反應。
2010年1月10日
讓寶寶仰躺著喝奶
因此,小兒科醫師建議,不論寶寶多大,都應該避免讓寶寶
媽咪困擾一:寶寶多大可以躺著喝奶?
隨著寶寶漸漸長大,肢體動作越來越靈活,常見許多爸媽開
醫師破解.平躺喝奶會造成中耳壓力異常
新光醫院小兒科主治醫師陳怡伶說:「曾有耳鼻喉科醫師針
她進一步解釋說:造成寶寶中耳壓力異常的關鍵,與寶寶是
寶寶的耳咽管發育未成熟
陳怡伶醫師解釋:耳咽管是連接我們鼻咽管及中耳的管子,
中耳積水 無明顯症狀不易察覺
中耳積水也是中耳炎的一種,但是,中耳積水的發病過程較
寶寶中耳積水時
若寶寶的中耳長期處在積水狀態,將對聽力造成影響,進而
正確做法
將寶寶頭部墊高30度
為了避免中耳積水問題,不論寶寶的年齡多大,都不建議讓
媽咪困擾二:躺著喝奶不拍打嗝,可以嗎?
至於媽媽們擔心讓寶寶直接躺著喝奶,不再拍打嗝,是否會
正確做法
寶寶頭部墊高45度
讓寶寶平躺喝奶時,奶水的流速更快更高,寶寶來不及吞嚥
刊載於2009年11月號《媽媽寶寶雜誌》
文/吳碧芳採訪諮詢/新光醫院小兒科主治醫師陳怡伶